The history of the area begins in XIV century , when about Intercession road connecting Moscow with The land of Vladimir , settlements began to form. In this side there were hunting grounds for the Moscow sovereigns and the grand ducal orchards, which gave the name Starosadsky lane [18] .
At the beginning XVI century was transferred here John the Baptist Monastery , after which the hill was named "Ivanovskaya" hill , and there were the first mentions of Church of the Assumption of the Blessed Virgin Mary . At the end 17th century by decree Peter I construction of a stone began here Lutheran the church of the apostles Peter and Paul, preserved to our time, and at the expense of Alexandra Menshikova the cleaning of the nearby Rotten Ponds was carried out, which have since received the name Clean . German settlement on Yauze became the new aristocratic center of Petrine Moscow. V XVIII century in honor of the victories over the Swedes in Northern war triumphant Red gate [19] .
During fire of 1812 German settlement burned out almost completely, especially the Catholic area. After the fire, only Church of St. Michael , which in 1920 was taken for construction Zhukovsky Central Aerohydrodynamic Institute (TsAGI) [20] .
In 1830, the Moscow craft educational institution was opened, since 1868 Imperial Moscow Technical School (IMTU), now Bauman Moscow State Technical University .
Moscow Baumansky district
Among famous buildings - Garage on Novoryazanskaya Street , Sovremennik Theater, Gogol Center , Moscow State University of Geodesy and Cartography , House of Anna Mons , Lefortovo Palace , State Museum of V.V. Mayakovsky , Moscow Gas Plant , Bauman Moscow State Technical University .
Ivanovskaya Gorka
To the right of Maroseyki within White city located Ivanovskaya hill . One of its attractions is Ivanovsky Monastery , which was built in the 15th century and gave the name to the surrounding area. V 1812 year the monastery burned down and was rebuilt in the 1860s and operated until revolution . Currently returned to the church [23] .
On the Ivanovskaya hill stands Church of Three Saints on Kulishki . She is credited with an Italian architect Aleviz the New . Residential buildings of the 17th-18th centuries have also survived here: Shuisky chambers , chambers in Kolpachny lane etc. Built nearby Church of the Life-Giving Trinity in Khokhly , Lutheran Peter and Paul Church, Baptist Evangelical Church, choral synagogue
Samples of 19th century buildings are presented Uvarov's house , a manor in Starosadskiy lane . An artist also lived in the area. Isaac Levitan , Anton Chekhov , Maxim Gorky , Vladimir Gilyarovsky [23] .
Baryshnikov's manor
Baryshnikov's estate 1913
The manor was built in 1802 by order Ivan Baryshnikov Moscow architect Matvey Kazakov . It was a classic ensemble with Corinthian portico in the central part. On the right side of the building there are two-storey chambers from the turn of the 17th-18th centuries. In 1823, ownership passed to Stepan Begichev . Under him, the estate became the cultural salon of Moscow, where poets gathered Denis Davydov and Wilhelm Kuchelbecker , writer Vladimir Odoevsky , composer Alexey Verstovsky . In the second half of the 19th century, the house passed to the treasury, and here the Myasnitsky department of the hospital was opened for rural residents who worked in Moscow for hire. By 1923, the building was in disrepair and the hospital was transferred. After renovation, the manor house housed the Institute of Health Education People's Commissariat for Health of the USSR . In the early 1990s, the estate was taken over by the editorial office of the Argumenty i Fakty newspaper.
There are two streets behind the Garden Ring: Staraya Basmannaya and New Basmannaya . This part of the area is called Basmanny settlement . Soldiers' regiment officers lived here Peter I. Under him it was built here in 1723 Peter and Paul Church , it is believed that it was Peter I who was the author of the sketch. In 1934-1994, it housed a warehouse, and then VNIIGeofizika . Now the temple is functioning again.
After the transfer of the capital to Petersburg the officers left the Basmannaya Sloboda, and it was settled merchants , and by the end of the 18th century the highest nobility lived here. Alexander Kurakin established here in 1742 the poorhouse , and his descendants built the palace, completed in 1801. The almshouse existed until 1935, but its own the Kurakin house , on the building of which you can see coat of arms of princes . The palace on Staraya Basmannaya was sold in 1836 for Survey Institute . Then the Kurakino Palace housed Alexandrovskoe Commercial School , founded in 1880. In 1929-1932, two floors were added to the building, and from 1933 it worked Academy of Chemical Engineering . It currently hosts Moscow Polytechnic [25] .
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Parks, gardens and boulevard The total area of green spaces in the Basmanny district is almost 75 hectares [29] : this is Pokrovsky Boulevard , Chistoprudny Boulevard , Garden named after N.E.Bauman , Milyutinsky Garden , Razumovsky's estate on the Yauza , Morozovsky Garden , as well as the gardens of the First Military Hospital, where it is now The main military clinical hospital named after N. N. Burdenko . On the territory of the district, an old complex of buildings has been preserved, supplemented by new buildings with an old layout. The gardens of the First Military Hospital were originally created for breeding medicinal plants Dutch doctor Nikolai Bidlaw by order Peter I. The park layout arose when the hospital was rebuilt by an architect Ivan Yegotov in 1798-1802. The park was created in 1979 and is located on Hospital area , its total area is 16.5 hectares [30] .
In addition to historical squares and park areas, new green public spaces have been created in the Basmanny District. This is, first of all, a square in Bolshoy Spasoglinischevsky Lane ( park "Gorka" ), as well as an amphitheater on Khokhlovskaya Square .
dry fountain. Plants have been planted again in the park, including mature trees [31] .
Amphitheater on Khokhlovskaya Square is a public space created between Pokrovsky and Chistoprudny boulevard. Opened in 2017. Its main attraction is a fragment Belgorod wall , discovered by chance during construction in 2007. At present, the fragment has been museumified. There is a street next to it. amphitheater with walking areas. The space is greened.
Rivers and ponds
A river flows through the territory of the district Yauza and its three tributaries - Black mud , Chechera and Olkhovka ..
In total, there are 152 streets in the Basmanny district - automobile and pedestrian